The Effects Of The Internet Essays - Internet, New Media

The Effects of the Internet Chances are, anyone who is reading this paper has at one time, at least surfed the net once. Broadcasting your views, questions, and information to millions of other people. The Internet has so many different features. It has chatrooms, which is a great place to meet new people. The Internet has several research sites available for school papers. The Internet can also become very addictive if you're not careful at the time you spend on it. The Internet has both negative and positive sides as to the effect it has on study habits. I personally have spent more hours then I can add up on the Internet. More then I care to even admit. I will take you back approximately three months ago. At this time I received a new computer at work. My first thought was what Internet provider will I use? I chose America On line. I had a hard time setting up my account but by the third day I was in cyber land. I was learning the ropes of the net, researching, looking at pictures, I cannot believe the pictures on the Internet. I sent everyone I know e-mails. I thought it was the best thing aside from cheesecake. The Internet has been very helpful when it comes to research on different subjects. I usually find very helpful information. I have also been lead to dead ends more then once. I have found so many different interesting things on the net, in fact I found my family tree, which was very surprising to run into. I have found a lot of different school Essay sites, I will never use these as it is unfair to the people who write the papers. I have found information on concerts and different events that are in Tampa and the surrounding areas. If I didn't have a life I would always have the net!There are chat rooms ah yes one of my favorite time passing activities. One boring, Williams-2 dull afternoon, while I was at work still very unfamiliar with my new computer. I started clicking around and looking in different files. Low and behold I found the chat file. I of course made sure my boss and everyone were out of the office. Click off to cyber chat I went. I ventured into the U.K chat area rooms called Transatlantic. It was great everyone welcomed me and gave me a cheesy cyber hug. I meet people all over the world and spoke to a few in the United States. I lost track of time and the next thing I knew it was five o'clock and time for me to go home. That day at work I didn't accomplish much at all. The next few weeks became worse. I became addicted to America On Line! What can I do? I thought to my self. I started skipping lunch, I started saying mum instead of mom arse instead of ass. This has had a large negative effect on my study habits. I am currently looking for a new job and hope to get one that does not have Internet Access available to employees. I will say I have thoroughly enjoyed my time on the Internet. I have limited my time on the net to a few hours during the day. I do not log onto the Internet at home or on the weekends. I still like to spend time in chat rooms as often as I can, I like to talk to people from Europe now. I am traveling to Europe in July and have had a lot of people give me advice. I am currently taking lunch at least three times a week now. I have yet to share my addiction with anyone I know well. My advice to people who use the Internet would be, use the net for what you need don't become one of me. Have fun but don't let the world of cyber take you over. If you already use the net and spend more time on the net then you do studying, you should really evaluate your situation.

the women in the odyssey essays

the women in the odyssey essays The Treatment of Women by Men in Homers The Odyssey Women in Homers The Odyssey are judged mainly by looks. If important men and gods consider a woman beautiful, or if her son is a hero or important king the woman is successful. The way women in The Odyssey are treated is based on appearance, the things men want from them, and whether the woman has any power over men. During Odysseus journey to the underworld he sees the shades of many prominent women. We hear about their beauty, their important sons, or their affairs with gods. We hear nothing about these womens accomplishments in their lifetime. Odysseus tells how Antiope could boast a god for a lover,(193) as could Tyro and many other women. Epikaste was called that prize(195) her own son unwittingly married. Some women are known for the deeds of their sons, but never for a heroic deed of their own, their personalities, who they are, and what they do independent of males. It seems the only accomplishment women could achieve was be ing beautiful. Theseus had no joy of(195) the princess Ariadne because she died before this was possible. Homer makes it sound as if Ariadnes life was useless because she did not give Theseus pleasure. The only woman we hear of for a different reason is Klymene, and we only hear of her because she betrayed her lord for gold.(195) This is the only time we hear of a woman for something she did, and once we do, it is a negative remark. Penelope, Odysseus queen, is paid attention to only because of her position. Because she has a kingdom, she has suitors crowding around her day and night. Being a woman, Penelope has no control over what the suitors do and cannot get rid of them. The suitors want her wealth and her kingdom. They do not respect her enough to stop feeding on Odysseus wealth; they feel she owes them something because she wont marry one of them. One of th...

WTO's restraint- fail to help improve China's human rights status Research Paper

WTO's restraint- fail to help improve China's human rights status through international trade regulation - Research Paper Example Chinese administration pledged to increase transparency, to safeguard the WTO member nation’s intellectual property rights in China and to reorganise their legal setup. Many supporters for China’s WTO membership buttressed that China’s WTO membership would bring freedom and human rights and the rule of law into China but some others vehemently raised serious doubts about China’s WTO membership would bring such outcomes. (Ching 3). Whether China’s accession to WTO has come at a cost to the trustworthiness of WTO itself? Is China is butchering the WTO? Given the China’s poor governance and state capitalism, the effect of China’s failure to adhere with WTO regulations is composited by the WTO’s relative incapability to deal efficiently with a commercialised state focussed economy such as China’s. The WTO regime presumes rule of law and transparency which in China’s case, it is obviously absent. This research essay wil l mainly focus how WTOs restraints have failed to improve China's human rights status through international trade regulation and the various means and ways to make China to respect human rights obligations under International law. China, WTO and Human Rights Obligations Being a communist nation, China is still building a rule-of-law system, and its residents are now having started to repose confidence on its court system and its law enforcement agencies. However, China is still far away from fulfilling the objectives of the International Covenant on Economic, social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Nonetheless, much progress has been accomplished in the human rights area in the last three decades in China, and definitely a certain momentum has been kicked off. (Hillebrand 3). Despite of accession to WTO and ratification of ICESCR , some common varieties of abuses are found in China even today like customary hukou resi dential system , labour violations of Chinese migrant construction workers , Women’s rights violations , practices of child labour and discrimination against disabled persons. The UN Committee on CESCR gave a final observation on China in 2005 expressing concerns over human rights infringements in China. It is observed that there exists human rights infringement in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) which remains widespread and systematic. It is alleged that the Chinese government prolongs to restrain dissenting beliefs and upholds political control over the Chinese legal setup. The human rights abuses of the Chinese government officials often go unchecked due to the lack of accountability of the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese government. (Julie 16). As of date, China has signed about 25 international human rights instruments, which include six core human rights conventions. As of June 2009, China is yet to sign or ratify the International Convention on the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their families. (Arnold 152). ICESCR was ratified by the China in 2001, and thereby China promised to guarantee the right to work and also make sure there exists good working environment. The UN committee of ICESCR in its concluding remarks mentioned that China must make available resources so that there could be independent and regular examination of health and safety conditions and sanctions against employers who do not adhere to safety norms. (Julie 23). The major portion of international law emanates from multilateral or bilateral treaties entered between states enveloping a vast variety of varied fields. There is an absence of centralised court system implementing international law and to the conflicting each treaty can offer for its own enforcement

Cost method Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cost method - Research Paper Example It is crucial for managers to comprehend the merits and demerits of the two systems to satisfy the needs of their business operations. The budget presented entails schedules that raise various concerns leading to the recommendation that the company should switch to the activity-based costing system of accounting. The first concern is the quarterly budget that in my opinion requires further subdivision to generate quarters. Mainly, cycling takes place in temperate weather conditions. Buying materials for bicycle production for the start of sales hikes demand therefore, requires the producer to incur a quarter before the demand. Another concern regards accounts that remain uncollectable. The master budget for the company is not specific it its cash budget line. It closely refers to the uncollectable receivables. Variable factors in this context emanate from economic features among them limited sponsorship and thus resulting in wrong accounts (Gazely & Lambert, 2006). From the budget, the company is setting aside a budget for 140 bikes inclusive of labour costs. It is appropriate to cut down on the level of production of extra parts in the inventory. The viability of any business can be measured by how the company effectively utilizes its resources while plummeting unnecessary costs hence Competition Bikes Inc. should strive to avert extra discretionary costs. The method of distributing manufacturing overhead by activity-based costing (ABC) to products is efficient compared to the traditional method of costing. Precisely, activity-based costing assigns the right percentage of resources to particular products. While monitoring and allocating organizational costs to products and objects, activity-based costing remains a more sophisticated and logical method as opposed to the traditional costing system (Bragg, 2001). It is possible to distribute

Alzheimers Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alzheimers Disease - Essay Example As the discussion highlights, stage 1 has symptoms like losing way, asking something repeatedly, taking longer to perform daily tasks, having trouble in decision-making, putting things in weird places, and withdrawing from social life. Stage 2 shows symptoms like requiring assistance in performing daily tasks, forgetting recent happenings, mixing up distant past with recent past, having language problems, depression, insomnia and eating troubles. Stage 3 has symptoms like being unable to feed one, control bowel and urinary movements, speak, or recognize members of the family. Memory vanishes away. Objective findings include: Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) which are unusual clumps or tangles of a protein, known as tau, and are present within neurons and result in the malfunctioning of neurons; and, Amyloid plaques which are anomalous collections of a protein, known as beta-amyloid, inside the neurons, and may form due to abnormal processing of this protein. When an inflammation occurs in the region of these plaques, it causes the death of the neurons. Tangles and plaques make neurons lose connections with one another. This causes their death. The affected brain areas and brain tissues begin to shrink. Alzheimer’s disease does not have a specific treatment; however, measures can be taken to help patients maintain their mental health and normal behavioral patterns to slow down the progress of the disease. The treatment is based upon the study of the causal process. Although there are drugs available which are helpful for Alzheimer’s patients but those can only slow down or delay the process and cannot stop or reverse it.

Introduction to Chemical Kinetics

Introduction to Chemical Kinetics Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Chemical kinetics Chemical kinetics is the branch of chemistry that deals with the rates or velocity, at which a chemical reaction occurs and also the factors affecting the rates. The word â€Å"kinetic† means the movement or change; here it refers to the velocity of a reaction, which is the change in the concentration of a reactant or a product with time. Kinetic investigation of a reaction is usually carried out with two main objectives in mind. Analysis of the sequence of elementary reactions leading to the overall reaction. i.e. To arrive at the plausible reaction mechanism. Determination of absolute rate of the reaction. There are several reasons for studying the kinetics of a reaction. At the outset, there is an essential curiosity about â€Å"why some reactions are fast and some are slow?† Some phenomena, like photosynthesis, hydrocarbon combustion and nuclear reactions, take place on a time scale as short as pico seconds to micro seconds. Other processes like the setting and hardening of cement and the transformation of graphite to diamond, take longer period of time to complete. Practically, a good understanding of reaction rates is useful, in waste water treatment, in pollution control, in drug design and in food processing. Chemists working in industry give more importance to speed up the rate of a reaction and also to increase the productivity. Chemical kinetics is a tool to understand fundamental aspects of reaction pathways, a subject that continues evolution with ongoing research. The knowledge rate of reaction has many practical applications. The kinetic study provides the valuable information about the rate and mechanism of chemical reaction, which helps out in running a chemical reaction successfully by selecting optimum reaction conditions. Generally, reactions are represented by following equation Reactants →Products This equation indicates that as the reaction proceeds, reactants are consumed and products are formed. Consequently, the progress of the reaction can be followed by monitoring the change in the concentration of reactants (decrease) or products (increase). The kinetic investigation also helps us to study the factors which have an effect on the rate of reaction like temperature, pressure, substrate concentration, oxidant concentration, dielectric constant, ionic strength and catalyst concentration. For example, kinetic study helps in optimizing reaction conditions for industrial processes, in understanding the complex dynamics of the environmental problems, in understanding the very complicated bio-chemical reactions that are the basis of life. Generally, reactions involving organic reactants have several plausible pathways. Kinetic analysis of atmospheric reactions helps us to understand chemical transformations of pollutants released in the atmosphere. At a more fundamental level, we want to understand what happens to the molecules in a chemical reaction. By understanding this concept we can develop the theories, which can be used to predict the outcome and rate of reactions. We presume that in order to react, the colliding molecules must possess a total kinetic energy equal to or greater than the activation energy (Ea). The activation energy is the minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction. When molecules collide, they form an activated complex (also called the transition state or quasi equilibrium state), formed as a result of the collision of reactant molecules before they form the product. A +B → AB†¡ → C + D Where AB†¡ denotes an activated complex formed by the collision between A and B. If the products are more stable than the reactants, then the reaction occurs with a release of heat; i.e., the reaction is exothermic. Conversely, if the products are less stable than the reactants, then the reaction occurs with the absorption of heat from the surroundings; i.e., the reaction is endothermic. The plots of potential energy of the reacting system versus the progress of the reaction qualitatively show the potential energy changes as reactants are converted in to products. The Arrhenius Equation The Arrhenius equation explains dependence of the rate constant of a reaction on temperature: k = Ae-Ea/RT (1) Where, Ea →activation energy of the reaction (in kJ/mol), R→ Universal gas constant (8.314 J/K/ mol), T → absolute temperature A → frequency factor which represents frequency of collision. It can be treated as a constant for a given reacting system over a reasonably wide temperature range. Equation (1) shows that the rate constant is directly proportional to frequency factor (A) and, therefore, to the collision frequency. Further, due to the negative sign on exponent Ea/RT, the rate constant decreases with increasing activation energy and increases with increasing temperature. This equation can be simplified by taking the natural logarithm on both sides, ln k = ln AeEa/RT (2) (3) Rearrangement of equation (3) leads to the following linear equation, (4) Therefore, a plot of ln k versus 1/T gives a straight line with a slope m and intercept c. The slope m is equal to Ea/RT and the intercept c is equal to ln A. One of the important uses of chemical kinetics is to provide the information which is required to propose the plausible mechanism of a reaction. The order of a reaction can be used to interpret the reaction on molecular level. The reaction mechanism is predicted in the way in which molecular bonds break and atoms rearrange during the reaction by considering the order of a reaction with respect to different reactive species. Almost all the information regarding reaction mechanism comes by implication of indirect evidence. It is the responsibility of chemists to plan the proper experimental method to generate most conclusive truths or evidences for the reaction. The main steps in any kinetic study are; (1) measurement of rate constant and reaction order (2) establishment of relationships between the rate and reaction mixture composition (3) identification of intermediates and products and (4) interpretation of the collected data to arrive at plausible reaction mechanism. If Chemistry is producing new substances out of old substances (i.e., chemical reactions), then there are two basic questions that must be answered: Is the reaction feasible? This is the subject of chemical thermodynamics. If the reaction is feasible then how fast? This is the subject of chemical kinetics. Kinetic studies constitute an important source of mechanistic information on the reaction, this is well demonstrated with respect to unsaturated acids in both aqueous [[1][2]] and non-aqueous media [[3]]. 1.1.1 The main importance of kinetic investigations are Product and intermediate identification. Determination of concentration of all reactant species present in the reaction. Deciding the method may be used to determine the rate. The kinetic analysis. Determination of the mechanism. 1.1.2 Applications of kinetics The chemist uses kinetics to plan new and better ways of achieving desired chemical reactions. This may involve in increasing the yield of desired products or discovering a better catalyst. The mathematical models, which are used by chemists and chemical engineer to predict chemical kinetics, provide information to understand and describe chemical processes such as ozone depletion, waste water treatment, decaying of food and vegetables, microorganism growth, and the chemistry of biological systems. The mathematical models can also be applied in the design and fabrication of chemical reactors for optimization to get good yield, better separation of products, and to eliminate environmentally hazardous by-products. Kinetics has an ample of applications in the field of medicine. Chemical kinetics plays an important role in the administration of drugs, in addition to respiration and metabolism mechanisms. For example, the mechanisms for the controlled/sustained release of drugs are based on the half-life period of the substances used and sometimes the pH of the body as well. Half life period and pH have an effect on the way in which dosages are determined and prescribed. The reaction rates and the conditions in which the reactions occur are vital for determining certain aspects of environmental protection. For example, the depletion of ozone layer by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) is best understood through an analysis of catalyzed chemical reactions. 1.1.3 Kinetic Methods in chemical analysis For catalyzed reactions the rate of reaction depends on the catalyst concentrations and hence, a kinetic–catalytic method of analysis of the catalytic species becomes available. Thus, a method of analysis can be developed down to the ppm level in several cases [[4]-,[5][6]]. The development of kinetic methods is an inseparable part of modern analytical chemistry. Great demands are placed on the precision, sensitivity, rapidity and possible automation of analytical methods. This necessitates progress in the physico-chemical methods, employing the most varied chemical, physico-chemical and physical properties of substances for their analysis. As reactions from the basis of most analytical methods, it is unimaginable that the dynamic character of chemical reactions would remain unused for analytical purposes. As has been shown recently, kinetic methods often provide the solution to the analytical problems more effectively than is possible using equilibrium methods [[7]]. Certainly, the most widespread use of kinetic methods is in biochemical and clinical laboratories, where analysis is based on kinetics than on thermodynamics. 1.2 Electron transfer reactions Electron transfer reactions play a key role in physico-chemical and biological processes. Because of the ubiquity of electron transfer processes, the study of electron transfer reactions, perhaps more so than that of any other area of chemistry is characterized by a strong interplay of theory and experiment [[8]]. The significance of electron transfer reaction in transition metal chemistry and in physical-organic chemistry is well documented [[9][10]]. Prof. R. A. Marcus received Nobel Prize in the year 1992 for the discovery of â€Å"Electron Transfer Reactions† and Prof. Ahmed Zewail received Nobel Prize in the year 1999 for the discovery of â€Å"Femtochemistry† and 2001 Nobel prize to Prof. William Knowles, Prof. K. Barry Sharpless and Prof. Royji Noyori for their work on â€Å"Chirally Catalyzed Hydrogenation Reactions† and Nobel Prize for the year 2005 to Prof. Robert Grubbs, Richard Schrock, and Yves Chauvin on their contribution to â€Å"Metathesis Catalyst Technology† put emphasis on the importance of reaction kinetics. The research work of Henry Taube [[11]] in redox systems explicitely demonstrated the transport of electron from reductant species to oxidant species. This discovery indeed added many essential features in the syntheses of metal complexes and organo-metallic compounds. An oxidation reaction is always accompanied by a reduction reaction, such reactions are called redox reactions [[12]]. Therefore, redox reaction needs at least two reactants, one capable of gaining electrons (oxidant) and the other capable of losing electrons (reductant), i.e., a reductant by losing electrons, gets oxidized and an oxidant by gaining the electrons gets reduced. Redox reactions are the basis for various biochemical transformations and chemistry of cells, biosynthesis, and regulation [[13]]. Electron transfer reactions may take place through outer or inner sphere mechanisms. References [1]. R. Stewart, Oxidation in Organic Chemistry, in K.B. Wiberg (Ed.), Part A., Academic Press, New York, 1965. [2]. D. G. Lee, E. J. Lee and K. C. Brown, Phase Transfer Catalysis, New Chemistry, Catalysts and Applications, ACS Symposium Series No. 326, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1987. [3].J. F. Perez-Benito and D. G. Lee, Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of unsaturated carboxylic acids by methyl tributyl ammonium permanganate in methylene chloride solutions, J. Org. Chem., Vol. 52, 1987, pp.3239-3243. [4] . S. M. Tuwar, S. T. Nandibewoor and J. R. Raju, Analysis of Palladium (II) by a kinetic method and Mercury (I) by volumetry. Indian J. Chem., Vol.29A, 1990, pp. 825-826. [5].S.T.Nandibewoor and V. A. Morab, Chromium(iii)-catalyzed oxidation of antimony(iii) by alkaline hexacyanoferrate(iii) and analysis of chromium(iii) in microamounts by a kinetic method,J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans., 1995, pp.483-488. [6]. P. L. Timmanagoudar, G. A. Hiremath and S. T. Nandibewoor, Osmium(viii) catalyzed oxidation of antimony(iii) by alkaline hexacyanoferrate(iii) and analysis of osmium(viii) in micro amount by a kinetic method, Indian J. Chem.,Vol. 35A, 1996,pp.1084-1090. [7]. G. Svehla, â€Å"Kinetic Methods in Chemical Analysis Application of Computers in Analytical Chemistry†, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, New York, Vol. 18, 1983, pp. 19. [8] . J. J. Zuckerman, â€Å"Inorganic Reactions and Methods†, VCH Publishers, Florida, Vol. 15, 1986, pp.1-22. [9] . Sir. G. Wilkinson, â€Å"Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry†, Pergamon Press, Vol. 1, 1987, pp.327-332. [10] . R. A. Sheldon and J. K. Kochi, â€Å"Metal Catalyzed Oxidation of Organic Compounds†, Academic Press, New York, 1981, pp. 387-407. [11]. H. Taube, Electron Transfer Reactions of Metal Complexes in Solution†, Academic Press, New York, 1967. [12] . H. J. Price and H. Taube, Reduction of ÃŽ ±-carbonylcarboxylic acid complexes of pentaamminecobalt (III) by chromous, vanadous, and hexaammineruthenium(II) ions, Inorg. Chem., Vol. 7 (1), 1968, pp. 1–9. [13]. J. H. Espenson, Inner-Sphere Reduction of an Azidocobalt(III) Complex by Vanadium(II). Kinetics of Formation and Decomposition of the Metastable Monoazidovanadium (III) Ion, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol.89 (5), 1967,pp. 1276–1278.

The Tragedy of Global Warming :: Greenhouse Effect Climate Change

The Tragedy of Global Warming The health issues of global warming are causing the human population rate to decrease over time. The health issues are caused by infectious microbes, pollution by chemical and biological wastes. Many of these diseases will cause illnesses or even death in the future. In fact, many scientists and doctors have discovered these diseases will cause human population to decrease by deaths as they are transferred from one person to the next either physical, eating animals contaminated, mosquitoes, or even blood transfusions though needles. Global warming has been discovered to be very dangerous to human health and is causing many deaths around the world. These tragic experiences in other countries are causing the health hazards to become more aware to humans and are giving the USA more time to plan cures for it before it becomes an issue for them. Global warming is affecting the health issues in today’s generation as well as the future’s generation. Global warming causes many different health issues to the human body. With the temperature’s rising, the risk of cancer is increasing. According to the U.S. National Cancer Institute between 1975 and 1991 skin cancer increased by 812 percent. â€Å"El Nino made1998 the warmest year ever recorded†(Bell 129). The warm temperature resulted in the worldwide outbreak of mosquitoes. With the warm temperatures mosquitoes were infected with different diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, rift valley fever and several other kinds of diseases. The World Health Organization said there were â€Å"quantitative leaps† in malaria cases around the world. â€Å"Thousands were infected with Rift Valley fever in Kenya, resulting in 200 deaths†(129). Many people around the world think that the earth is in danger because of global warming. â€Å"Rising temperatures will have enormous impact on the earth in the future†(pewtrust). With the temperatures rising this will cause the icebergs to melt and make the sea level rise. â€Å"Rising sea levels inundating coastal communities, altered crop yields and water supplies, increased floods and droughts and surge in infectious disease. The water will be tainted because of the water runoff pushing chemicals into our water supply. This will cause people to get sick or even die. With it getting hotter the carbon dioxide levels are rising. This may cause weeds to grow faster and take over the crops we need. Paul R. Epstein, a doctor from Harvard Medical School found a very interesting fact in his research that discussed how many people he estimates are going to be affected by global warming in the future.

How Russia was Christianized Essay

Religion, as one of the fundamental forms through which human beings make sense of their existence and experience, belongs to the intellectual and spiritual sphere of world-view, passion, or philosophy. Conversion to Christianity and gradual adaptation of the daily Christian rituals were a steps in continues process. Russian Christianization is a long-term, open-ended process; in other words, it was obliged to reinforce the Russian commitment to the faith through deeper understanding and performing daily rituals. Orthodox Christianity is the majority religion of Russia, estimates the number of adherents range from 55 to 80 percent. Russian Orthodoxy is an integral part of the Eastern Orthodox world and worldview (Ardichvili, 2006). The geographic reach of Eastern Orthodoxy today includes mostly Russia and the European part of the former USSR, Eastern Europe, and the eastern Mediterranean. For Russians, Orthodoxy is much more than simply a church; it is an entire way of life and culture (Clendenin, 2003). Russian approach to Christianity differed from Catholicism and Protestantism. It involved much singing and ritual and not much knowledge of the Bible. It also had a thick pagan substratum: peasants believed in wood spirits, sea demons and monsters of the lake. Orthodox teachings have stood the test of time; they are not teachings that serve popular culture. Russia’s state history as a history of its â€Å"core† people – the Russian people – is well known, and is a history of a Christian people. This paper provides a monograph on how Russia was Christianized. It shows how Russians are being molded by their belief as a whole. Further, it provides a deeper understanding of how Russians grows as a society through the Russia Orthodox Christianity. Russian Orthodox Christianity Orthodoxy came to Russia from Byzantium in A. D 988, when the ruler of Kievan Russ (precursor of modern Russia and Ukraine) Grand Prince Vladimir, converted to Christianity, married a sister of the Byzantine emperor, and started a rapid process of instituting Orthodoxy as the state religion. Having searched the world for a faith to unite his people, his emissaries to Constantinople returned awestruck. Orthodox worship possessed such beauty, they reported, and that they did not know if they were on earth or in heaven. Russians soon came to love and adore their new faith, taking Orthodoxy to heart and building numerous churches and monasteries. The church in Russia was governed by a hierarch appointed from Constantinople until the Turks sacked that city in 1453, leaving the Russians as the strongest defenders of Orthodoxy in the world. In 1472, Ivan III, the grand duke of Moscow, married the niece of the last Byzantine emperor (who had died in 1453). Ivan then took the title of czar-an adoption of Caesar-and Moscow began to consider itself â€Å"the third Rome. † Missionary activity spread Russian Orthodoxy throughout Siberia and beyond Russia’s borders to Alaska, Finland, Japan, and China. In effort to serve Russian emigrants around the world, the Russian Orthodox Church established dioceses in North America, Europe, and Japan. The Russian Church and state continued to play this central role in the Orthodox world for the next 450 years (Clendenin, 2003; Ware, 1997; World Fact Book, 2005). However, in 1917, the Bolshevik revolution resulted not only in abolition of Orthodoxy’s role as the state religion but also in destruction of thousands of churches and monasteries, and the deaths of millions of members of the clergy, monks, nuns, and lay believers. Communists, bent on creating a workers paradise in this world, fiercely attacked the church. Before the revolution, Russia boasted more than 50,000 churches and 160,000 priests. By late 1930s there were no more than 300 functioning churches. The clergy had been murdered or had died in the gulags, and only a skeleton crew of priests was allowed to serve such as the faithful. Outside communist Russia, the faithful suffered as they witnessed the tragic fate of the countless persecution of their church. Bishops in exile rallied around Metropolitan Antoni, forming a temporary church authority that took refuge first in Constantinople and, then, at the invitation of the Serbian patriarch, in Karlovei, Yugoslavia. The historical events of that year, 1917, caused the dispersion of millions of Russians worldwide, outside the borders of their native country. Back in Moscow, Patriarch Tikhon issued a decree supporting this action, though later, presumably under communist influence, he retracted it. The Synod of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia chose to ignore the second decree, since Patriarch Tikhon issued it while under house arrest. He later died under circumstances so mysterious that he is now considered a martyr. One of his successors, Metropolitan Sergii, maintained correspondence with bishops abroad. This landed him in prison in 1926, where he stayed until he issued his now infamous â€Å"Declaration† in July 1927. In it, he demanded that all clergy abroad make a written promise of their loyalty to the Soviet government and declared that all Orthodox in the Soviet Union must be â€Å"faithful citizens and loyal to the Soviet government. † Perceived as a betrayal of the church by the Synod and many faithful within Russia and abroad, Sergii’s declaration silenced any doubts that the church in Russia was subject to communist control. The problem was compounded when he formed a church organization that was not sanctioned by the bishops in Russia and abroad. In the USSR, an underground â€Å"free† church sprung up in defiance, Russian Orthodox abroad dug in and held tight to their traditions, sensing that they alone preserved the faith undefiled and incorrupt. Archbishop Laurus, who arrived in America in 1946 with a group of monks fleeing the war in Europe, states that the primary purpose of Hollywood Monastery is to â€Å"preserve Orthodoxy as it was passed on from our predecessors and to give it to the next generation and also to Russia. † With the fall of communism, Russians were allowed to return to their churches without obstacles. It soon became clear that Orthodoxy had procreated the Russian soul so deeply that even seventy years of repression couldn’t stamp it out. Even so, the Russian Church outside of Russia and the Russian church in Russia have not reunite There are a number of unresolved issues blocking union, including the canonical ones cited above, moral questions, and others, such as the caution of all the new martyrs of Russia. The Synod, unwilling to taint the purity it has so ardently maintained, remains steadfast in its position. Moreover, Warem (1997) estimated that there were more than 54,000 churches in prerevolutionary Russia and more than 17,000 functioning churches in 1996. Although officially the whole country was supposed to be atheist during the Soviet rule, millions of people followed their religion in private, and many more joined the church after 1991. As suggested by Clendenin (2003), more than 70 million people in Russia today identify themselves as Orthodox. WORKS CITED Ardichvili, A. â€Å"Russian Orthodoxy worldview and adult learning in the workplace. Advances in Developing Human Resources. † 8(3). 373-381, 2006. Clendenin, D. â€Å"Eastern Orthodox Christianity. † Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Aademic, 2003. Warem T. â€Å"The Orthodox church. † London: Penguin, 1997. World fact book, December 20, 2005.

Kate Winslet Essay Essay Example

Kate Winslet Essay Essay Example Kate Winslet Essay Essay Kate Winslet Essay Essay These past few old ages of senior high school have had its ups and downs. but overall it’s been astonishing. I’d like to thank my friends and household for ever believing in me. Praises to the grads of 2013. see you all in 10 old ages! A know aparting reader may take pleasance in reading â€Å"The Destructors† . over an immature reader. A know aparting reader is a reader that takes deep pleasance in fiction that trades with life significantly. expects characters. secret plan and subjects that are complex or realistic and that may dispute his or her beliefs and position of world. This means that a discriminatory reader would bask reading interpretative literature. like â€Å"The Destructors† . â€Å"The Destructors† will appeal to a discriminating reader because it deals with life jobs and events that have happened. a deeper significance and the subject and the narrative challenges beliefs and positions of world. â€Å"The Destructors† demonstrates life jobs and events that have happened in history. this intrigues a discriminatory reader into desiring to read the book or narrative. The narrative shows life jobs. where there are packs that are desiring to do problem and allow loose ; merely have freedoms and non allow others or themselves have particular intervention. An illustration of this is when Old Misery offers so gang three bundles of smarties and the it’s stood there â€Å"puzzled and perturbed by this action and tried to explicate it off. ‘Bet person dropped them and he picked ’em up. ’ . † They tried to believe of all different grounds why Mr. Thomas would make this and they figured it was a payoff. This would do a discriminatory reader maintain reading. as the narrative is besides set clip is during the London blitz were bombs destroyed 100s of house and topographic points. Not merely does a discriminatory reader become interested by life jobs and historical events. but besides by the subject and deeper significance. A discriminatory reader. unlike an immature reader. can calculate out the deeper significance or subject of a narrative easy and making this keeps them interested. The these is non normally easy present in a narrative that a discriminatory reader would read because they would desire to remain interested and seek to calculate it out as they read it by themselves. The subject of â€Å"The Destructors† is non artlessness because the war has taken that off from them and replaced it with something the reader can do up and believe. The reader. being discriminatory. expects the subject to be complex and realistic. and as the narrative continues the male childs. Blackie and T. . have a conversation about the one thing T. wants to destruct. † ‘We’ll fire them [ the notes/money ] . one by one’ and taking it in turns they held a note upwards and lit the top corner. so that the fire burned easy towards their fingers. The Grey ask floated above them and fell on their caputs like age. † This makes the readers think the they’re non to be artlessness any longer by selfishness and defiance. besides the war has â€Å"aged† them by non giving them a childhood. From what has been said. a know aparting reader is able to calculate out a deeper significance by analysing and anticipating or thinking what the subject and significance of the narrative is to be. Through making so. they may dispute their beliefs and position of world. As a discriminatory reader reads a narrative. along the manner they challenge their ain beliefs every bit good as the writers belief. Whole making this. they could comprehend world otherwise or dispute how or why world was done this manner. In peculiar. the discriminatory reader may read. † ‘Of class I don’t detest him [ Old Misery ] ’ . I said. ‘There’d be no merriment if I hated him. ‘ The last combustion note light his dwelling face. ‘All this hatred and love. ’ he said. ‘it’s soft. it’s stuff. There’s merely things. Blackie. ’ he looked round the room crowded with unfamiliar shadows of half things. broken things. [ and ] former things. † A reader may see this and believe do I truly necessitate this or that and dispute what they believe in and if something is right or incorrect. better or worse. Overall. the discriminatory reader Loos at a narrative and challenges why they believe or don’t believe this and how come world is this manner. Discriminating readers can utilize many ways to look at a narrative and analyse it ; they may take pleasance in to why the narrative trades with life jobs and events in history. besides the subject and or deeper significance. every bit good as disputing beliefs and world. â€Å"The Destructors† demonstrates all of these and that is why this narrative could be appealing to a discriminatory reader.

Current Issues in Social Work Essay Example

Current Issues in Social Work Essay Example Current Issues in Social Work Essay Current Issues in Social Work Essay Web). They were bviously dismissed due to the failings of the care of a toddler. The two social workers never appeared at the Employment Appeal Tribunal in central London, therefore the Judge Mr. Justice Wilkie declared that their appeal was dismissed. Christou and Ward were both sacked as soon as it was discovered that there was a period of time in mid-2007 that they didnt know the whereabouts of young Peter. Ward also failed to see Peter once every fourteen days. Both social workers were suspended by a General Social Care Council disciplinary committee in 2010. Ward got a two month suspension while Christou got a four month suspension. These women also admitted to failing to ensure the safety of young Peter. They also admitted that they didnt visit him enough, they said they didnt keep accurate records and they lost track of him for some time. Not only did the two social workers receive disciplinary action, but Peters mother Tracey Connelly, her boyfriend Steven Barker, and his brother Jason Owen were Jailed in May 2009 for causing or allowing the boys death (The Huffington Post 13K, Web). Tracey Connelly was sentenced toa minimum of five years for the death of her son. She was first eligible for parole in August of 2012. The board didnt release her. Connelly did confess that she caused and allowed the death of Peter. She admitted this soon after being charged and served several hundred days in prison. The board relooked her case for a second time and came to the conclusion that Connelly will now remain on parole for the rest of her life and if she breaches any of the conditions, she will probably be recalled to custody. There have been reports saying that Connelly will be given a new name and hairstyle so she can live namelessly amongst the public world. She will not have a full new identity (The Independent, Web). Tracey Connellys ex-lover, Steven Barker, was also Jailed for he death of Peter. He was the one that beat him to his death. Barker was sentenced to life in prison. He was sentenced to a minimum often years for the rape of a two year old girl. He was given a minimum of twelve years for the death of Peter. The term will run concurrently (The Independent, Web). Working as a social worker there is a 100% certainty that there will be many case overloads that will have to be dealt with. It will be a lot of work, but thats the Job that is being taken on. Overload can cause stress and overly long hours. These long hours can make the Job much harder. Visiting a case gets complicated. The mind gets stress and does not pay much attention to detail. When this happens a case can be ignored. Something can happen like in the Case of Baby P. When something happens like this then the social worker can get Jail time, fired, or sued. A social worker can get sued for many reasons. They can get sued for incorrect treatment, sexual impropriety, breach of confidence and privacy, failure of diagnosis, incorrect diagnosis, suicide of patient, improper referral, loss of evaluation, violation of civil rights, etc Just one mistake can lead to a law suit. Getting sued is not a good thing. It can take a lot of time and money. This can also make someone lose their Jobs. Any social worker can get sued if they dont keep a close eye on things. Along with case over loads and getting sued a social worker can get emotional effects. There is so much pressure in the field of social work. The pressure affecting the emotional wellbeing. According to a survey by BASW The College of Social Work last year, two-thirds of social workers said the Job caused them emotional or mental instability and Just under half said they had taken time off due to stress( News and Features Ltd,Web). The work caused stress as was discussed earlier this causes emotional problems. Being in situations where someone dies in a case you are working on can also cause some emotional instability. Imagine being the person in charge of someone that has died and living with it. There are many things in the field of social work that can cause an emotional breakdown. Joe Lepper was dealing with a tough abuse case, his problems started soon after. He stumbled upon hard times with this case because he started to get death threats from the childs father. Joe had a painful childhood, and these threats he received made him think of those memories of childhood. Joe soon became infatuated with the childs dilemma. Because of his obsession with this one case all of his other cases became unimportant. His casework began to slip. He started to feel resentment among his fellow childrens social work colleagues. His obsession also made it so that the promotion he had been working towards slipped away from him. This is the promotion he had wanted for so long and he Just let it slip through his fingers. As a result Joe started drinking to help him handle his grief. His drinking soon caused his marriage to fall apart. He got to the point where he was unable to so his Job suitably. He had become discouraged. He became emotionally unstable, and he was signed off on a long-term sick leave. Joe had suffered from a stress related burnout. It tweaked with his emotions ( News and Features Ltd,Web). Another issue a social worker may have is social lives interrupting work lives. An example of this is a clients child and the social workers child could attend the same school. Both the client and the social worker must attend the same meetings held at the school. As a professional the social worker isnt comfortable with being at the meetings when the client is there. The social worker may not be able to vocalize ideas due to fear of losing the client ecause of different viewpoints. There are boundary issues with the relationship, and as a professional the social worker must protect those boundaries. Social workers should not engage in dual or multiple relationships with clients or former clients in which there are risks of exploitation or potential harm to the client. In instances when dual or multiple relationships are unavoidable, social workers should take steps to protect clients and are responsible for setting clear, appropriate, and culturally sensitive boundaries (Dual Relationships and Boundary Management in Social Work Practice, Web). This means it would not be appropriate for the social worker to partake in the meetings with the client in presence. , The social worker would need to bring forth the boundary to guarantee that they understand why the social worker needs to separate his personal life and professional work. Social workers of all types have many issues. They take on a hard Job. Long hours, case overloads, emotions, and boundary management are all part of the Job. A social worker will need to be patient to get the Job done. They must be willing to work hard to excel in this field. A social worker must have a back bone.

Would the anti-smoking ban affect the strategies of a restaurant Essay

Would the anti-smoking ban affect the strategies of a restaurant - Essay Example Bans on smoking in restaurants and bars are appearing increasingly in many European countries, like Ireland (2004), Italy (2005), Sweden (2005), Norway (2004), and introduction is expected in many more in the near future (Rosted, 2006, p.34-9). In the U.S. many states have enacted a complete smoking ban in all restaurants and bars including: California, Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont, Washington and Montana. Proponents of smoke-free restaurants cite a number of reasons to bar smoking in dining establishments. First, reduction of carbon monoxide, a contaminant present in tobacco smoke. An increased level of carbon monoxide has been shown to cause headache, chest pain, alteration of blood pressure and nausea (Steenland, 1992, p.48-54). Medical research demonstrates that second-hand tobacco smoke causes 35,000 to 40,000 excess deaths from heart disease per year in the U.S. alone. As a Gallup Poll shows, 52 percent of Americans believe second-hand smoke is "very harmful." The New York Department of Health found in a 2004 study that air pollution levels had decreased sixfold in bars and restaurants after the ban went into effect. The study also found that 97 percent of the more than 22,000 establishments inspected by the city from April 2003 through February were found in compliance with the new law and that 150,000 New Yorkers reported less exposure to second-hand smoke in their workplaces since the ban took effect (Zagat, 2004, p.43-6).Citizens of Helena, Mont. voted to ban smoking in all public places. Six months later the state Legislature rescinded the ban. During the six month ban, heart attack rates dropped by 58 percent. Once the ban was lifted, the heart-attack rate went back to previous levels (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2000, p.132). Another example: a study of Norway's 2004 smoke-free workplace law in bars, restaurants and night clubs has proven the law to be a huge success with staff breathing improved, nicotine in their urine eliminated and air quality has been cleaned up (Rosted, 2006, p.88-96). The thought of more smoke-free restaurants seems to be attracting patrons. A study in New York reports that 96 percent of those surveyed are dining out "as often" or "more often" since a smoke-free dining ban was established. What's more, restaurant openings outnumbered closings by a 2-1 ratio (Zagat, 2004, p.52-6). Second, the smoking ban results in a multitude of benefits for the management and safety of the restaurant, including decreasing the sick time of employees, limited liability of harm to employees, and decreased risk of fire hazards. It provides a healthier environment in the restaurant and decreases sick time of employees bothered by colds, sinus problems, asthma, and other respiratory problems triggered by second-hand smoke exposure. The law cuts the maintenance costs by eliminating burns to carpets, booths, tables and other furnishings. Smoking ban gets rid of dirty ashtrays and ashes and butts on the floor. It keeps the restaurant's owners from worrying that bread and pastries will pick up smoke odour. The law does away with complaints from non-smokers bothered by the smoke in the establishment. It makes seating easier: the restaurant's employees won't have to worry about putting customers in the

Community Child care Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Community Child care - Case Study Example Eye contact was limited, which is a social skill he struggled with, something that most children are not afraid of (Hanbury 2007). On looking at him straight to the eye, the boy could not respond by looking back directly. From the observation, this case fits in the Autism Spectrum Disorders category. During birth the boy had no complications; he was robust and developed normally, until he showed the first signs of delayed milestones. A healthcare provider was contacted and the boy was screened for the delayed milestones and help was given. At three months of age, he started using vocalizations (Cooper 2004). He developed delayed communication, although he developed a good rapport with his mother. He was unable to identify body parts and a learning programme was suggested, he seemed to catch up. His social skills became abnormal. He seemed not to hear at times, had poor eyesight, poor response to his name, does not respond to touch and other feelings, he plays on his own and does not ask for assistance when he needs some (Benaron 2009). The boy takes a Risperdal name of treatment which was prescribed by a psychiatrist. Ethics involved acting in an appropriate manner, with due diligence and care in the execution of duties (Szatmari 2004). Various communication approaches were used and clinical decisions were made on alternative communication techniques on the boy. The relevance and reliability of the available evidence, expertise of the clinical staff and the client’s perspective on the consent of using a family member were put into consideration (Cooper 2004). Exploration of many alternative communication skills were considered as symptoms vary in Autism syndrome deficiency (Hanbury 2007). Consent was acquired on the basis of the boy’s needs, which included the strengths and weaknesses of learning, the degree of social communication skills and motor abilities. The policies that were put in place helped in the navigation of this case study and